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Part-1

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A few years ago, / I had a talk with a Chinese student. // He
said, / “We Chinese <span class='nw'>tend</span> to look at the whole picture. / We don’t
think / you can understand a part / without understanding the
whole first. / <span class='nw'>Westerners</span>, / however, / <span class='nw'>generally</span> look at the <span class='nw'>main</span>
<span class='nw'>objects</span> or people first.” // I found it interesting, / so my friend and
I started studying / how people think <span class='nw'>differently</span>. //

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First, / we studied American and Chinese children. // We
showed them sets of three pictures. // Some examples were
“monkey–banana–panda” / and “cow–grass–chicken.” // From
each set, / we asked them to choose the two pictures / that go
together best. // The results showed something interesting. // The
American children grouped objects / <span class='nw'>according</span> to <span class='nw'>categories</span> / such
as “animals” and “fruit.” // On the other hand, / the Chinese children
grouped objects / according to <span class='nw'>relationships</span>. // They said / the cow
and the grass go together / because “the cow eats the grass.” //

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Part-2

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Do Westerners <span class='nw'>naturally</span> look at the world / according to
categories? // If so, / they may look for similar <span class='nw'>qualities</span>. // Objects A
and B are <span class='nw'>connected</span> / because they have qualities / that <span class='nw'>belong</span> to
a category. // In <span class='nw'>contrast</span>, / do East <span class='nw'>Asians</span> <span class='nw'>focus</span> less on categories? //
If so, / they may look for relationships. // The relationship between
objects A and B / may be important for them. //

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In order to check this, / we looked at three groups of
college students: / Korean, / [European-American], / and [Asian-
American] students. // We showed them pictures / like those
<span class='nw'>below</span>. // Then we asked them to say / which group of objects is
more similar / to the <span class='nw'>target</span> object in the center. //

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Part-3

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Most Koreans said / the target was more similar to the
left group. // This was because / it looks like three of those in that
group, / so it is easy to see / why they chose that group. // On the
other hand, / most [European-Americans] said / it was more similar
to the right group. // There was a simple reason for that. // They
looked at the shape. // All four have a straight <span class='nw'>stem</span> / like the
target. // [Asian-American] <span class='nw'>judgments</span> were in between the two. //

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Why do Asians usually focus less on categories / than
Westerners? // This <span class='nw'>seems</span> a difficult question. // It may <span class='nw'>relate</span>
to culture, / history, / and <span class='nw'>perhaps</span> other things, / and these may
<span class='nw'>affect</span> / how children are raised. //

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Part-4

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How children are raised / may change how they see the
world. / Let’s take a look at another study / on how mothers talk
to their babies. // A group of <span class='nw'>psychologists </span>asked American and
Japanese mothers / to play with their babies as <span class='nw'>usual</span>. // They
found big differences / in the <span class='nw'>behavior</span> of the mothers. // The
American mothers used a lot more object names / (for example, /
“<span class='nw'>piggy</span>” and “<span class='nw'>doggy</span>”) / than the Japanese mothers did. // The
Japanese mothers used a lot more words / related to human
relationships / (“Hello,” / “Thank you”). // The American mothers
said more things like / “That’s a car. / See the car? / It’s got nice
<span class='nw'>wheels</span>.” // The Japanese mothers said more things like / “Here! / I
will give this car to you. / Now, / give it back to me. / Yes! / Thank
you.” // American children may learn / that the world is <span class='nw'>mostly</span>
a place with objects. // Japanese children may learn / that the
world is mostly about relationships. //

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Some behaviors may be different / from country to
country. // Have you <span class='nw'>noticed</span> any? //

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Q&A

1. answer

They grouped objects according to categories [by categories].
2. answer

They grouped objects according to relationships [by relationships].
答え
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Q&A

3. answer

They look for similar qualities.
4. answer

They look for relationships.
答え
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Q&A

5. answer

Most Koreans did.
6. answer

They said that the target was more similar to the right group.
答え
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Q&A

7. answer

They used many object names.
8. answer

The Japanese mothers did.
9. answer

e.g. I chose Group 1 because they look like the target object.
スクリプト
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Q&A

再生
Q1. How did American children group objects?
Q2. How did Chinese children group objects?
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Q&A

再生
Q3. What do Westerners generally look for when they look at things?
Q4. What do East Asians generally look for when they look at things?
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Q&A

再生
Q5. Who said that the target was more similar to the left group?
Q6. What did most European-Americans say?
スクリプト
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Q&A

再生
Q7. What kind of words did American mothers use?
Q8. Who said things like, “Here!” and “Thank you”?
Q9. Which group of flowers did you choose? Why?

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